In Jan., 2002, President Bush accused Iraq. Defense Secretary Rumsfeld publicly suggested that military action against Iraq was possible, and in November President Bush asked Rumsfeld to undertake a war-plan review. 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, the United States moved toward a doctrine of first-strike, pre-emptive war to eliminate threats to national security. presidency returned to government many officials from his father's administration who had favored removing Saddam Hussein from power in the first war. In many ways the final, delayed campaign of the First Persian Gulf War, it arose in part because the Iraqi government failed to cooperate fully with UN weapons inspections in the years following the first conflict. The Second Persian Gulf War, also known as the Iraq War, Mar.–Apr., 2003, was a largely U.S.-British invasion of Iraq. Continued resistance to weapons inspections led to bombing raids against Iraq, and trade sanctions imposed on Iraq remained in place, albeit with an emphasis on military-related goods until the second Gulf conflict. An Iraqi troop buildup near Kuwait in 1994 led the United States to send forces to Kuwait and nearby areas. In 1993 the United States, France, and Britain launched several air and cruise-missile strikes against Iraq in response to provocations, including an alleged Iraqi plan to assassinate former President George H. Coalition peace terms were agreed to by Iraq, but every effort was made by the Iraqis to frustrate implementation of the terms, particularly UN weapons inspections. In fact, Hussein was free to turn his attention to suppressing internal Shiite and Kurd revolts, which the U.S.-led coalition did not support, in part because of concerns over the possible breakup of Iraq if the revolts were successful. 28, most of the Iraqi forces in Kuwait had either surrendered or fled.Īlthough the war was a decisive military victory for the coalition, Kuwait and Iraq suffered enormous property damage, and Saddam Hussein was not removed from power. 24 and, over the next four days, encircled and defeated the Iraqis and liberated Kuwait. The main coalition forces invaded Kuwait and S Iraq on Feb. Iraq called for terrorist attacks against the coalition and launched Scud missiles at Israel (in an unsuccessful attempt to widen the war and break up the coalition) and at Saudi Arabia. The U.S.-led coalition began a massive air war to destroy Iraq's forces and military and civil infrastructure. When Saddam Hussein refused to comply, Operation Desert Storm was launched on Jan. 15, 1991, as the deadline for a peaceful withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. troops moved into Saudi Arabia to protect Saudi oil fields. The UN Security Council called for Iraq to withdraw and subsequently embargoed most trade with Iraq. Hussein also accused Kuwait of illegally pumping oil from Iraq's Rumaila oil field. Iraqi president Saddam Hussein declared that the invasion was a response to overproduction of oil in Kuwait, which had cost Iraq an estimated $14 billion a year when oil prices fell. 2, 1990 Iraq then annexed Kuwait, which it had long claimed. It was a result of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on Aug. The First Persian Gulf War, also known as the Gulf War, Jan.–Feb., 1991, was an armed conflict between Iraq and a coalition of 39 nations including the United States, Britain, Egypt, France, and Saudi Arabia 28 nations contributed troops. Persian Gulf Wars, two conflicts involving Iraq and U.S.-led coalitions in the late 20th and early 21st cent.
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